An epidural bleed is caused by the rupture of blood vessels in the epidural space, which is the area between the dura mater (the outermost membrane surrounding the spinal cord) and the vertebrae. This can occur due to trauma, such as a car accident or a fall, which can cause a sudden increase in pressure in the epidural space leading to vessel rupture. In some cases, epidural bleeds can also be a complication of a medical procedure, such as an epidural injection, where the needle accidentally punctures a blood vessel. Other causes of epidural bleeds can include conditions that affect the blood vessels, such as arteriovenous malformations or aneurysms. Symptoms of an epidural bleed can vary depending on the severity of the bleed and the location. Common symptoms can include severe back pain, numbness or weakness in the legs, difficulty walking, and in severe cases, paralysis. Treatment for an epidural bleed typically involves surgical intervention to repair the damaged blood vessels and stop the bleeding. Early detection and treatment are crucial in order to prevent serious complications and minimize long-term damage.
What is the most likely source of blood in a patient with an epidural hemorrhage?
An epidural hematoma (EDH) is usually caused by a head injury. A skull fracture occurs in 75% of the cases. A skull fracture that tears the middle meningeal artery is the most common source of bleeding.
Which is worse subdural or epidural hematoma?
Because epidural hematomas typically involve an artery, bleeding and increased intracranial pressure may occur much more rapidly, requiring more urgent intervention. In contrast, though still serious, subdural hematomas involve veins which tend to bleed and grow more slowly.
What are the signs and symptoms of an epidural haematoma?
– Confusion.
– Dizziness.
– Drowsiness or altered level of alertness.
– Enlarged pupil in one eye.
– Headache (severe)
– Head injury or trauma followed by loss of consciousness, a period of alertness, then rapid deterioration back to unconsciousness.
– Nausea or vomiting.
Is epidural hematoma life-threatening?
It is a life-threatening condition, which may require immediate intervention and can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality if left untreated. Rapid diagnosis and evacuation are important for a good outcome.
